Academic Writing Style

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Academic Writing Style

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Research Paper Writing

Research Paper Writing Now, when you have finished your research and have organized it, you can begin writing your analysis paper. The most typical matters are related social, political, cultural or technological issues. If you want to see more of those, we now have a separate analysis paper subjects submit. It explains why you determined to analysis a specific matter, and what you want to obtain. It also highlights how your analysis can contribute to an growth in its related area, and, lastly, offers a brief description of how you intend to conduct this research. Often, engaged on such assignments, students really feel helpless and caught. Luckily, you don’t need to really feel this fashion, and you gained’t, if you use the following guide. Many students will make the mistake of not following their professor's directions. Most professors will record the paper length, the number of required sources and the format of the bibliography. Do write a robust thesis statement that can be capable of carry the supporting arguments. A thesis statement must be broad sufficient to cover the supporting arguments but slim sufficient to bring focus to the paper. As you do more in-depth research, like in search of scholarly articles, books, and other sources to include in your paper, you can and possibly will modify or refine your subject based on what you discover. Make positive your subject meets the project necessities. Your brilliant ideas are wasted if the trainer has a hard time reading it. Your trainer will find yourself feeling frustrated by spelling errors and take his/her frustration out in your grade. The last word of advice is to go to your professor or T.A. That way you'll be able to guarantee that you're following their directions precisely. It is also the perfect time to voice and questions or concerns that you may have about the paper. Consult the appropriate Subject or course guide for the encyclopedias and handbooks in your space of research or simply ask a librarian. While writing, it makes sense to kind your paper in the same sequence, gradually shifting from the abstract all the way in which to your conclusion part. That’s when following your define should come in handy. By now, you must have already got an in depth plan, so all that is left to do is to add extra phrases to it and fill within the info. Use these features as a reference point when writing your research paper. How is a research paper different from a analysis proposal, you might ask? Students typically confuse these two phrases, though they're very completely different. A analysis proposal is a concise description of your motivation and goals for a specific matter. Get essay writing help now from duty Writer to keep up your grades even when you have a job to run to. We will ensure to utterly fulfill all your requirements and properly format the essay within the formatting fashion that you ask us for. Million a debt of gratitude is to ensure that my A rating in Sociology. My educator really loved the paper you have finished for me. There are topic librarians to help you with discovering the best sources for your particular topic. If the subject is unfamiliar to you, consider doing a little background studying that will help you to develop your understanding. Subject encyclopedias and handbooks present concise, scholarly overviews and they usually refer you to major writings on the topic. You can find hyperlinks to these sorts of assets within the Research Guides mentioned above. These will in all probability not be scholarly sources you should use in your paper, but they may lead you to extra in-depth, scholarly resources that you'll want to use in your paper. In addition, most lecturers will be more than pleased that will help you find sources related to your paper. They maintain a wealth of data in their subject of research and are glad to share it with you, when you have the time to hear. These leads can help minimize down analysis time and offer you confidence that you're headed in the proper course. Make the trouble to talk together with your instructor during office hours. A good paper can be detrimentally affected by poor spelling and grammar.

Pay To Write My Research Paper

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How Long Does It Take To Write 7 Pages?

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How Long Does It Take To Write 7 Pages?

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Cheap Research Paper Writing Service From The Best Specialists

Cheap Research Paper Writing Service From The Best Specialists When you fill in the order form, you can get an additional possibility and buy your author’s samples. These are three pages from random papers beforehand written by the author for other prospects. The “ENL” class stands for our professional writers for whom English is a native language. This class costs a further charge equal to 30% of the preliminary worth of your order, but it ensures your paper will be completed completely by way of language and elegance. Our fundamental category represents the “best out there.” It contains the major a part of our staff. It can also be essential that the authors guide you through the entire article and explain every table, every figure, and each scheme. As junior scientists develop their expertise and make names for themselves, they are increasingly more likely to receive invites to review research manuscripts. Many new researchers mistakenly suppose that each one their readers perceive the significance of the research query and omit this half. However, this assumption is faulty because the purpose of the part is not to evaluate the importance of the analysis query generally. The goal is to present the importance of your research contribution and your findings. Therefore, you ought to be express and clear in describing the benefit of the paper. If you make a follow of signing reviews, then over time, lots of your colleagues will have acquired critiques along with your name on them. Even in case you are focused on writing high quality evaluations and being truthful and collegial, it is inevitable that some colleagues might be less than appreciative concerning the content of the evaluations. And if you determine a paper that you suppose has a considerable error that is not easily fixed, then the authors of this paper will find it onerous to not hold a grudge. I've recognized too many junior scientists who've been burned from signing their critiques early on in their careers. When diving in deeper, first I attempt to assess whether or not all the important papers are cited within the references, as that also often correlates with the standard of the manuscript itself. Then, right within the Introduction, you can often recognize whether or not the authors considered the full context of their topic. You aren't going to lose stamina this time, and you'll turn into a productive scientist. But for now, let’s celebrate the end of the paper. Another downside is that writers understate the significance of the Introduction. When you fill within the type, submit an order, and make a payment, we get your instructions and begin trying to find essentially the most applicable match on your paper among our writers. When the search is completed, you receive a hyperlink to your private account where you can contact your writer. From there, you can manage your orders and addContent the required details about your paper. Please, reply the questions out of your author as quick as potential when they happenâ€"particularly when you a have a strict deadline. We also assign supervisors to them, who control their work during the first months of cooperation. We have editors and proofreaders in our workers prepared to assist the newcomers with troublesome assignments. These writers are nicely trained and have been employed according to the best quality requirements. All of our writers are well skilled and are able to deal with your task. This is as a result of after we rent them, we provide them with coaching on formatting styles and kinds of assignments. It’s an essential ability and service to the scientific neighborhood, however the learning curve may be particularly steep. The responses have been edited for readability and brevity. We use only dependable sources for our writing, and we always select them according to your requirements. You may request our writers to make use of specific manuals, journals, or software program. In case you have to make use of explicit sources, your skilled could ask you to send her or him such materials. Now that you're virtually half through drafting your research paper, it is time to replace your outline. While describing your Methods and Results, lots of you diverged from the original define and re-focused your concepts. We don’t use essay banks, we don’t promote the papers beforehand written for other students, and we won’t promote your paper to someone else. So, your paper is only yours and won't coincide with the works of other college students.

How Long Does It Take To Write A a Thousand Word Essay?

How Long Does It Take To Write A a Thousand Word Essay? Using a replica of the manuscript that I first marked up with any questions that I had, I write a brief abstract of what the paper is about and what I feel about its solidity. Then I run via the precise factors I raised in my summary in additional detail, within the order they appeared within the paper, offering page and paragraph numbers for most. Finally comes a list of actually minor stuff, which I attempt to hold to a minimum. I then usually go through my first draft trying on the marked-up manuscript again to verify I didn’t omit something essential. Argumentative papers are attempting to prove some extent (Dumbledore shouldn’t be working a school for youngsters). You’ll probably must do some background research and probably brainstorm together with your professor earlier than you can identify a subject that’s specialised enough for your paper. I assume a lot of reviewers strategy a paper with the philosophy that they're there to establish flaws. But I solely mention flaws if they matter, and I will ensure the evaluation is constructive. Bear in mind that one of the harmful traps a reviewer can fall into is failing to recognize and acknowledge their own bias. To me, it's biased to achieve a verdict on a paper primarily based on how groundbreaking or novel the outcomes are, for example. Also, I wouldn’t advise early-profession researchers to sign their critiques, no less than not till they either have a permanent place or otherwise feel steady in their careers. On this stage, it is essential to select the available results of similar researches and take out the redundant information. It enables you to ask for exact data you want. Be artistic, attempt to find wonderful books that perfectly suit your matter. There is an specific algorithm for research paper writing. If you understand the primary steps from the concept to research writing to be made, this could be of much research paper help for you. If I really feel there may be some good material in the paper however it needs lots of work, I will write a reasonably long and particular review pointing out what the authors need to do. If the paper has horrendous difficulties or a confused idea, I will specify that but is not going to do plenty of work to attempt to counsel fixes for every flaw. I then delve into the Methods and Results sections. Are the methods appropriate to analyze the analysis query and check the hypotheses? Although I consider that each one established professors ought to be required to signal, the actual fact is that some authors can hold grudges against reviewers. The paper reviewing course of might help you kind your own scientific opinion and develop important thinking expertise. Also, the journal has invited you to evaluate an article based in your expertise, but there might be many stuff you don’t know. So when you have not absolutely understood something within the paper, do not hesitate to ask for clarification. It can take me fairly a long time to write down a great review, sometimes a full day of work and typically even longer. The detailed reading and the sense-making course of, particularly, takes a very long time. Also, generally I notice that one thing is not quite proper but can’t fairly put my finger on it until I actually have correctly digested the manuscript. You and this topic are going to be spending lots of time collectively, so that you may as nicely pick something you like, or, on the very least, have a vague curiosity in. Even if you hate the class, there’s in all probability a minimum of one matter that you simply’re curious about. These points prove the crucial position of analysis paper assignment for college students and scientists. At least early on, it's a good suggestion to be open to evaluate invites to be able to see what unfinished papers look like and get acquainted with the review process. Many journals send the decision letters to the reviewers. Reading these can give you insights into how the opposite reviewers considered the paper, and into how editors evaluate evaluations and make selections about rejection versus acceptance or revise and resubmit. I start with a short summary of the outcomes and conclusions as a approach to present that I actually have understood the paper and have a common opinion. I always comment on the type of the paper, highlighting whether it's properly written, has appropriate grammar, and follows a correct structure. When you ship criticism, your comments should be trustworthy however always respectful and accompanied with suggestions to enhance the manuscript. I'm aiming to provide a comprehensive interpretation of the quality of the paper that will be of use to both the editor and the authors. It will also provide you with an overview of the brand new advances in the subject and allow you to when writing and submitting your own articles. So although peer reviewing definitely takes some effort, ultimately it will be value it.

How Long Does It Take To Write A a Thousand Word Essay?

How Long Does It Take To Write A a Thousand Word Essay? Using a replica of the manuscript that I first marked up with any questions that I had, I write a brief abstract of what the paper is about and what I feel about its solidity. Then I run via the precise factors I raised in my summary in additional detail, within the order they appeared within the paper, offering page and paragraph numbers for most. Finally comes a list of actually minor stuff, which I attempt to hold to a minimum. I then usually go through my first draft trying on the marked-up manuscript again to verify I didn’t omit something essential. Argumentative papers are attempting to prove some extent (Dumbledore shouldn’t be working a school for youngsters). You’ll probably must do some background research and probably brainstorm together with your professor earlier than you can identify a subject that’s specialised enough for your paper. I assume a lot of reviewers strategy a paper with the philosophy that they're there to establish flaws. But I solely mention flaws if they matter, and I will ensure the evaluation is constructive. Bear in mind that one of the harmful traps a reviewer can fall into is failing to recognize and acknowledge their own bias. To me, it's biased to achieve a verdict on a paper primarily based on how groundbreaking or novel the outcomes are, for example. Also, I wouldn’t advise early-profession researchers to sign their critiques, no less than not till they either have a permanent place or otherwise feel steady in their careers. On this stage, it is essential to select the available results of similar researches and take out the redundant information. It enables you to ask for exact data you want. Be artistic, attempt to find wonderful books that perfectly suit your matter. There is an specific algorithm for research paper writing. If you understand the primary steps from the concept to research writing to be made, this could be of much research paper help for you. If I really feel there may be some good material in the paper however it needs lots of work, I will write a reasonably long and particular review pointing out what the authors need to do. If the paper has horrendous difficulties or a confused idea, I will specify that but is not going to do plenty of work to attempt to counsel fixes for every flaw. I then delve into the Methods and Results sections. Are the methods appropriate to analyze the analysis query and check the hypotheses? Although I consider that each one established professors ought to be required to signal, the actual fact is that some authors can hold grudges against reviewers. The paper reviewing course of might help you kind your own scientific opinion and develop important thinking expertise. Also, the journal has invited you to evaluate an article based in your expertise, but there might be many stuff you don’t know. So when you have not absolutely understood something within the paper, do not hesitate to ask for clarification. It can take me fairly a long time to write down a great review, sometimes a full day of work and typically even longer. The detailed reading and the sense-making course of, particularly, takes a very long time. Also, generally I notice that one thing is not quite proper but can’t fairly put my finger on it until I actually have correctly digested the manuscript. You and this topic are going to be spending lots of time collectively, so that you may as nicely pick something you like, or, on the very least, have a vague curiosity in. Even if you hate the class, there’s in all probability a minimum of one matter that you simply’re curious about. These points prove the crucial position of analysis paper assignment for college students and scientists. At least early on, it's a good suggestion to be open to evaluate invites to be able to see what unfinished papers look like and get acquainted with the review process. Many journals send the decision letters to the reviewers. Reading these can give you insights into how the opposite reviewers considered the paper, and into how editors evaluate evaluations and make selections about rejection versus acceptance or revise and resubmit. I start with a short summary of the outcomes and conclusions as a approach to present that I actually have understood the paper and have a common opinion. I always comment on the type of the paper, highlighting whether it's properly written, has appropriate grammar, and follows a correct structure. When you ship criticism, your comments should be trustworthy however always respectful and accompanied with suggestions to enhance the manuscript. I'm aiming to provide a comprehensive interpretation of the quality of the paper that will be of use to both the editor and the authors. It will also provide you with an overview of the brand new advances in the subject and allow you to when writing and submitting your own articles. So although peer reviewing definitely takes some effort, ultimately it will be value it.

I Paid Someone Online To Write My Essay For Me, But Would It Fool My Lecturer?

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How To Write A Killer Research Paper

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How To Write A Killer Research Paper

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How To Write A Killer Research Paper

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A Day in the Life Weekend Edition

A Day in the Life Weekend Edition Some days begin with ballistic alarms and spilled coffee and calculus homework. Some days begin with silence. I woke up on Sunday morning, a translucent silence filling the room. Dawn-ish grey light hung on the ceiling tiles, and I laid in bed and watched for a while. Some mornings also begin with ringing alarm clocks, I thought, which seemed hilarious because this was not one of those mornings. This was a curious morning indeed. I thought about the word indeed for a while too, and then I leisurely reached for my cell phone and it was 8:11 AM and I had set my alarm for 7:15 because the MIT concert band was leaving for a gig in Harvard, MA in EXACTLY FOUR MINUTES FROM NOW. Some days begin with scrambled eggs. Some days begin with scramble. Flustered details aside, I skidded onto main campus just as the last car was pulling away, crammed my instruments (flute + piccolo) below the seat in front of me just the way I was taught by countless airline stewardesses, and went back to sleep. In my dreams, I congratulated myself on my good fortune and promised to blog about this. [A bit of background info: The MIT Concert Band is a student organization, as opposed to a performance group that students can join for credit (such as the MIT Symphony Orchestra). We rehearse twice a week and accept people at any time, which is nice because a huge percentage of MIT students were active musicians in high school. No auditions are required. Much fun and friendliness are enjoyed in liberal amounts.] It just so happened that we were playing in the verdant lap of mother nature today, surrounded by fresh green grass and sprightly trees and vendors selling highly processed foods at the Harvard Fall Festival (not in any way related to Hahvahd University). Thanks to a raging downpour, the audience bordered on nonexistent. Nonetheless, the guy cooking hot dogs 10 meters away will tell you that the MIT concert band sounded great and undeniably better than Harvard Universitys band, which was so intimidated that it didnt show up at all. Class of 13, remember this when youre deciding between colleges next March. It was hard to leave the festival. I mean this literally, as this is what happened to the car wheels: Fortunately, a cheery man pulled up in a red tractor, hooked a cable onto the back of our car, and calmly unstuck our vehicle from the Harvard fair grounds. I just realized that this picture looks exactly like a problem in every introductory mechanics textbook known to studentkind. Rachel 10 (pictured above), who was no doubt trying to calculate the tension in the cable, deserves a special mention here: she plays flute/piccolo in practically every student musical organization on campus, in addition to carrying out the standard functions programmed into MIT students. Like math and stuff. Of course, we got stuck again as soon as we were detractored. However, I think its time to move on to the next segment of this story . . . As many of you no doubt have heard, one of MITs favorite phrases is “Work hard, play hard.” A little-known variation is, “Get your car stuck in mud, go apple picking!” Lets ignore the fact that this makes no sense and instead consider that: 1)Harvard, MA is locally famous for its apple orchards. 2)Fruit tastes good. So Im sure youve all seen the following depiction of Isaac Newton reposing beneath an apple tree, which flaunts one of the most egregious lies in all of scientific history. You guessed it, Im referring to the fact that this picture would lead you to think that apple picking involves scaling tree trunks as great in heighth and breadth as, well, Isaac Newton. In reality, apple trees look a lot more like Napoleon, but skinnier and with a lot of branches and leaves. Phil, the eponymous owner of Phils Orchards, was well-acquainted with the MIT Concert Band, which clearly affirms that MITs concert band is famous. After all, Phil is practically the best cider maker in all of New England, according to the sign outside his gate. And so I proceeded to stuff half a peck of apples into a plastic bag and another four dozen pecks or so down my esophagus. Rainwater, while not comparable to McCormickwater, tastes pretty good on apples. Although Random Hall is a stones throw away from two (2) well-stocked grocery stores, the sight of living, photosynthesizing peach trees still fills me with bubbles of frucose-anticipating joy. So unless youre on the cross-country team, Phils peaches are well worth the potential ankle injuries involved in descending this mud-slicked slope. On our way out, we were distracted for a full 20 minutes by Phils cider-making process, in which mushed apples were juiced under a huge amount of pressure. This, dear reader, is why I love the freshman first semester pass/no record system at MIT: the freedom to pursue happiness in the form of watching cider drip down a cider-making thing. Also, a lady stopped by while walking her llama. Here, the llama anoints the head of an apple-picking bystander. It was a fruitful day. I got back to Random Hall at around 15:00, consumed cereal (MITs favorite all-purpose food), and napped for two hours. Ordinarily, my Sunday routine involves foraging for free food events during the early evening, but I decided to exercise my culinary prowess tonight by boiling eight frozen dumplings and adding the leftover water to a miso soup paste with dehydrated vegetables. Dinner turned out scrumptiously, and I was rather delighted with my self-sufficiency until I realized that every single ingredient was either taken from Randoms community food supply (water, soy sauce) or claimed from anonymous previous residents who bought food that they never ate (seaweed, tamarind chutney, dumplings, miso paste and toppings). Emeril I am not, but I did manage to complete an entire Mastering Physics set while simultaneously boiling water (like, four whole cups of it). And then I remembered that today was the Chinese Moon Festival. I like the moon as much as anyone else, so Katelyn 12 and I hurried ourselves over to a snacks-and-Shaolin-Soccer-filled celebration hosted by the Association of Taiwanese Students at MIT. ATS seemed to be more active on campus than any of the other Asian cultural student organizations, so I shelled out a whopping 5 bucks for a membership. Taiwanese nationality is by no means required to join ATS, by the way. All you need is an appetite for blindingly colorful and/or geometrically-regular food. Speaking of which, ATS deserves a gold star for its dedication to dispensing free food. Their last meeting had a rapturous array of homemade dim sum dishes, which more than compensated for the karaoke in the background. I say this not lightly. Events are open to everyone at MIT, so theres a lot of potential for mingling. Most student organizations at MIT enthusiastically welcome newcomers of all backgrounds and expend a lot of energy to attract the volatile attentions of freshmen. Essentially, this translates into more free giveaways than can fit in a single dorm-provided desk, a deluge of snacks at the Activities Fair and similar events, and an overwhelming display of posters in the Infinite Corridor. So by this point, all the potential freshmen reading this are probably worried that nobody at MIT ever studies. Fear not! Katelyn and I left the party early and trudged over to Hayden Library, where we studied and did problem sets until 11:30 PM. My eyes felt partially liquefied after 3.5 hours of reading, so I stood around and stared into the empty depths of the Infinite Corridor while some unseen force rotated the walls. It didnt show up on film though, so youll have to take my word. I got home and blogged and slept. 3 AM and I are becoming close friends. Moral of the story: Get your recommended daily servings of fruit and student organizations.

How to Define Acceleration

Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity as a function of time. It is a vector, meaning that it has both magnitude and direction. It is measured in meters per second squared or meters per second (the objects speed or velocity) per second. In calculus terms, acceleration is the second derivative of position concerning time or, alternately, the first derivative of the velocity concerning time. Acceleration—Change in Speed The everyday experience of acceleration is in a vehicle. You step on the accelerator, and the car speeds up as increasing force is applied to the drive train by the engine. But deceleration is also acceleration - the velocity is changing. If you take your foot off the accelerator, the force decreases and velocity is reduced over time. Acceleration, as heard in ads, follows the rule of the change of speed (miles per hour) over time, such as from zero to 60 miles per hour in seven seconds. Units of Acceleration The SI units for acceleration are m / s2(meters per second squared or  meters per second per second). The gal or galileo (Gal) is a unit of acceleration used in gravimetry but is not an SI unit. It is defined as 1 centimeter per second squared. 1 cm/s2 English units for acceleration are feet per second per second,  ft/s2 The standard acceleration due to gravity, or standard gravity  g0 is the gravitational acceleration of an object in a vacuum near the surface of the earth. It combines the effects of gravity and centrifugal acceleration from the rotation of the Earth. Converting Acceleration Units Value m/s2 1 Gal, or cm/s2 0.01 1 ft/s2 0.304800 1 g0 9.80665 Newtons Second Law—Calculating Acceleration The classical mechanics equation for acceleration comes from Newtons Second Law: The sum of the forces (F) on an object of constant mass (m) is equal to mass m multiplied by the objects acceleration (a). F am Therefore, this can be rearranged to define acceleration as: a F/m The result of this equation is that if no forces are acting on an object (F   0), it will not accelerate. Its speed will remain constant. If mass  is added to the object, the acceleration will be lower. If  mass  is removed from the object, its acceleration will be higher. Newtons Second Law is one of the three laws of motion Isaac Newton published in 1687 in  Philosophià ¦ Naturalis Principia Mathematica (Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy).   Acceleration and Relativity While Newtons laws of motion apply at speeds we encounter in daily life, once objects are traveling near the speed of light, the rules change. Thats when Einsteins special theory of relativity is more accurate. The special theory of relativity says it takes more force to result in acceleration as an object approaches the speed of light. Eventually, acceleration becomes vanishingly small and the object never quite achieves the speed of light. Under the theory of general relativity, the principle of equivalence says that gravity and acceleration have identical effects. You dont know whether or not you are accelerating unless you can observe without any forces on you, including gravity.

Ethical Issues in Social Networking - 851 Words

When social networking becomes a topic of discussion, everyone sees it as a web based interaction between human beings in order to stay in contact. However, many are not aware that social networks actually operates on different levels. (Nanda, n.d.) outlines, quite some time ago, when there were limited means of communication, social networking happens at functions where friends and family get together under one roof. Social networking has always been common but as for now, the way it is conducted has changed. In this globalization era, social networking websites such as Facebook, MySpace, Orkut and Twitter are being utilized just for any purpose especially in multi level marketing, meeting new individuals and building virtual†¦show more content†¦It creates an awkward atmosphere when meeting a client face to face due to different impressions about one another without taking considerations of their own privacy. Another ethical issue that is getting extreme today is when companies go beyond limits of checking out a person`s social network profile. It does not just stop there. Some employers ask around randomly among the employees for the log in informations into their online social network sites. Based on an article by McFarland (2012), Justin Bassett, a New York City statistician, was having interview session with the authorities of a company he is looking forward to work in. Just after a few questions he is merely asked to hand in his username and password to his Facebook profile because they have no access looking into the content of his social network site. Bassett immediately withdrew his application because he did not want to work for a company that wants to bother his personal life. As much to this, it is obvious that this organization is not being ethical enough. Violating others personal privacy is not a way to get to know a person. Everyone needs a space where they can be themselv es and just who they are out of the corporate world. Cases like this brings down a company image and causes a thorough effect to the public relations department. Public relations practitioners would go through a lot of challenges toShow MoreRelatedSocial Networking Sites and Privacy1155 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction What do about ninety percent of us have in common? It’s the social networking sites that everyone is a part of these days, whether it’s your twelve year old nephew or your grandmother. Spending hours and hours connecting with your old friends and making new friends over the social networking sites has become a part of everyone’s daily routine. Nonetheless, recently privacy concerns over the social networking sites have taken its peak. Background It all started several decades back,Read MoreEthical Issues Of Social Media963 Words   |  4 PagesEthical Issues in Social Media Emerging Information Technologies are faced with numerous ethical issues. One of the most centers of ethical debate in Information Technology is social networks. Social networking has changed from a niche phenomenon to mass adoption. Although the concept of social networking was formulated in the 1960s, the advent of fast internet has sent the concept viral. Currently, social networks have been dogged with myriad ethical issues. Privacy issues are the epicenter of theseRead MoreEssay on Ethical Issues with Social Media1505 Words   |  7 PagesCurrent Ethical Issues with Social Media People are increasingly sharing their lives online through social networking sites with little concern for who may be viewing their information. This has become an issue in current times and is up for debate based on the ethical issues associated with Social Media. People don’t realize joining a social network is like joining a community. As any community in real life, your business has a place in the community but should not invade one’s privacy. Social networkingRead MoreAssignment B1 1 Essay examples860 Words   |  4 Pages(12%) This assignment gives you an opportunity to analyze a key IT-related organizational ethical privacy issue subject to relevant laws, regulations, and policies. Both of the following sites provide sources and an excellent backdrop for issues relating to privacy protection and the law. See EPIC Report  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ at:  Ã‚  http://epic.org/reports/  Ã‚  See List on left:  Ã‚  HOT POLICY ISSUES and/or:   https://www.eff.org/issues/privacy   [see list at right on this page] This includes sub-topics discussing informationRead MoreThe Impact Of Social Media On Society And Changed The World1549 Words   |  7 PagesThe use of social media has vastly impacted society and changed the world. But what is social media? The definition of social media obtained from the Merriam-Webster dictionary is forms of electronic communication (as Web sites for social networking and microblogging) through which users create online communities to share information, ideas, personal messages, and other content. Social media websites have actually been around for a while, the first one was created in 1997. Social networking wasn’t asRead MoreApply Decision-Making Frameworks to It-Related Ethical Issue.1134 Words   |  5 Pagescommunication is social networking. During the recent years, social networking has been the victim of ethical issues concerning vigilance and safeguard of privacy for the members and their personal data. The invasion of personal information is a c ause of distress for many individuals and organizations. Moreover, it has become an issue that requires constant effort from the concerned parties who are striving to create a safe and comfortable environment for everyone to communicate on these social sites. DuringRead MoreSocial Media On The Work Place1529 Words   |  7 PagesSOCIAL MEDIA IN THE WORK PLACE ABSTRACT: Social media is the most common technical tool which is being used by the complete society in recent days. In addition, it plays a paramount role in the business world to maintain a continuous and flexible contact with the company employees. Further, there are two types of social media sites which are enterprise social media site and the consumer social media site. Enterprise social media network is for private use and the consumer social media is availableRead MorePrivacy and Computer Technology1813 Words   |  7 Pagesso are ethical issues. Because of the widespread, computer ethics are boiling down distinguishing what is good from what is wrong mentality. Everyones view on computer ethics differ, however all should keep in mind the value of ethics when making decisions that are ethics based. The golden rules of computer ethics state that, one should do to one another what he/she thinks should be done to them and if at least quite a number of people obey the golden rule, then the re would be no many issues concerningRead MoreEthics in Technology Essay1555 Words   |  7 Pagestheir contribution to the development of computer technology would produce positive impacts on the people that would use it. During the infancy of computer technology, ethical issues concerning computer technology were almost nonexistent because computers back then were not as multifaceted as they are today. However, ethical issues relating to computer technology and cyber technology is undeniable in today’s society. Computer technology plays a crucial role in all aspects of our daily lives. DifferentRead MoreThe Facebook Profile: A Right or a Violation? Essay example1027 Words   |  5 PagesSocial networking sites such as Twitter or Facebook have created a new ethical dilemma for many businesses. Corporations, small businesses, and even universities are struggling create policies to manage their employees social networking behaviors. Social networking access, particularl y for recruiters, can provide personal information about potential employees, which would otherwise not be available. A business must follow statutes and guidelines when disclosing information to the public. Individuals

North Carolina as a colony Free Essays

North Carolina is one of the thirteen colonies established by England around 1650. The  territory was called Carolina in honor of Charles the First.  Queen Elizabeth I of England granted Sir Walter Raleigh a charter for the establishment of a  settlement in North America. We will write a custom essay sample on North Carolina as a colony or any similar topic only for you Order Now Sir Raleigh and the Queen planned to establish a colony to be able to  explore for treasures and to scout for a strategic location where they can raid loaded Spanish ships. Based on these reasons, an expedition was sent in 1584 to explore for a suitable location and also  bring samples of the nature’s bounty on the area. After the successful exploration, the group  returned to England. In 1585, the first group of colonists was organized and they arrived at the north  end of the Roanoke Island. Ralph Lane with seventy-five men was left in the island while Sir  Richard Grenville, leader of the expedition returned to England to get additional food supplies and  additional men. Friction with the natives occurred when the settlers attacked a village in response to  the stealing of a silver cup by the natives. By April 1586, relations with a neighboring tribe had  degraded to such a degree that they attacked an expedition led by Lane to explore the Roanoke River.1 There was still no sign of Grenville’s fleet and due to hardships encountered, the settlers  accepted the offer of Sir Francis Drake to return to England.  Ã‚  The second group was led by John White and they arrived in June 1587. White tried to  reestablish friendly relations with the neighboring natives. At first, the natives were hostile and  aloof. But gradually the English gained their confidence by offering glass beads and dolls as signs  of friendships (Hale 128). But the aggrieved tribes whom Ralph Lane attacked were still unfriendly  to the new colonists and shortly thereafter, one colonist was killed by these natives. Fearing for their  lives, White was elected to return to England to inform of their situation and ask for help.   Two  significant events occurred shortly after the colonists’ arrival: two â€Å"friendly† Indians were baptized  and a child was born. Virginia Dare, as the baby was named, became the first child bor n to English-  speaking parents in the new world.2 But White was delayed in coming back to the colony because  of the following reasons: the vessel was not in good condition to travel back home and in crossing  the Atlantic Ocean; the refusal of the captain to sail back to the colony during winter time and then  the war with the Spanish Armada was imminent   and all the able ships were tasked to fight. He was  able to return in the spring of 1590 and found only the remnants of what was once a settlement. There were no signs of life, only the word â€Å"CROATAN† carved on a nearby tree.3   The second  failure can be attributed by factors beyond the control of the settlers. Although Sir Raleigh was  given a charter to colonize, attention was focused on the war with Spain. Cole and Warren  concluded that, â€Å"because England was so completely involved in fighting the Spanish Armada in  1588, no supplies were sent, nor any communications maintained with the settlements†. (403) The  colonization might have been successful if the expedition was fully equipped with farm implements,  food supplies and able manpower who are trained to do hard work in cultivating the soil. They  should have establish friendly relations with the natives to preserve their lives as well as with the  natives’. The impact left by Ralph Lane and John White on the area was that they had spread Christianity and English language to the new world.   It is ironic that Stuart Monarch James I rather than the visionary Elizabeth succeeded in  finally planting the British flag on the American shores. (Garraty and Gay 663) In 1607, three  shiploads arrived at Jamestown sent out by the London Company of Virginia. Captain John Smith  imposed a semi-dictatorial attitude to his men to check their incompetence and lack of initiative. His  edict, â€Å"He who does not work shall not eat† (Cole and Warren 406) was effective that they soon  cultivated crops especially staple crops and tobacco. By 1610, more settlers arrived and by 1612,  there were exportation of tobacco to other places. Significant too were the introduction in 1619 of  representative government – important to the Englishmen who contemplated migration to the New  World – and the beginnings of Negro servitude – important despite its inhumanity, to the economic  future of North America.(Garraty and Gay 665) Reference List Cole, Fay-Cooper, and Harris Gaylord Warren. An Illustrated Outline of History of Mankind. Grolier Incorporated: New York, 1963. Garraty, John A., and Peter Gay. The Columbia History of the World. Harper and Row: New York, 1972. Hale, John R. Age of Exploration. Time-Life International: Nederland, 1974. â€Å"Historical Highlights of North Carolina †.The State Library of North Carolina. 3 April 2006. 14 Nov. 2006.http://statelibrary.dcr.state.nc.us/nc/history/history.htm â€Å"Roanoke Island†. Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia. 14 Nov. 2006. 15 Nov. 2006. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roanoke_Island How to cite North Carolina as a colony, Essay examples

Why Is the Soft Drink Industry so Profitable Essay Example

Why Is the Soft Drink Industry so Profitable? Paper An industry analysis through Porter’s Five Forces reveals that market forces are favorable for profitability. Defining the industry: Both concentrate producers (CP) and bottlers are profitable. These two parts of the industry are extremely interdependent, sharing costs in procurement, production, marketing and distribution. Many of their functions overlap; for instance, CPs do some bottling, and bottlers conduct many promotional activities. The industry is already vertically integrated to some extent. They also deal with similar suppliers and buyers. Entry into the industry would involve developing operations in either or both disciplines. Beverage substitutes would threaten both CPs and their associated bottlers. Because of operational overlap and similarities in their market environment, we can include both CPs and bottlers in our definition of the soft drink industry. In 1993, CPs earned 29% pretax profits on their sales, while bottlers earned 9% profits on their sales, for a total industry profitability of 14% (Exhibit 1). This industry as a whole generates positive economic profits. Rivalry: Revenues are extremely concentrated in this industry, with Coke and Pepsi, together with their associated bottlers, commanding 73% of the case market in 1994. Adding in the next tier of soft drink companies, the top six controlled 89% of the market. In fact, one could characterize the soft drink market as an oligopoly, or even a duopoly between Coke and Pepsi, resulting in positive economic profits. To be sure, there was tough competition between Coke and Pepsi for market share, and this occasionally hampered profitability. For example, price wars resulted in weak brand loyalty and eroded margins for both companies in the 1980s. We will write a custom essay sample on Why Is the Soft Drink Industry so Profitable? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Why Is the Soft Drink Industry so Profitable? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Why Is the Soft Drink Industry so Profitable? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The Pepsi Challenge, meanwhile, affected market share without hampering per case profitability, as Pepsi was able to compete on attributes other than price. Substitutes: Through the early 1960s, soft drinks were synonymous with â€Å"colas† in the mind of consumers. Over time, however, other beverages, from bottled water to teas, became more popular, especially in the 1980s and 1990s. Coke and Pepsi responded by expanding their offerings, through alliances (e. g. Coke and Nestea), acquisitions (e. g. Coke and Minute Maid), and internal product innovation (e. g. Pepsi creating Orange Slice), capturing the value of increasingly popular substitutes internally. Proliferation in the number of brands did threaten the profitability of bottlers through 1986, as they more frequent line set-ups, increased capital investment, and development of special management skills for more complex manufacturing operations and distribution. Bottlers were able to overcome these operational challenges through consolidation to achieve economies of scale. Overall, because of the CPs efforts in diversification, however, substitutes became less of a threat. Power of Suppliers: The inputs for Coke and Pepsi’s products were primarily sugar and packaging. Sugar could be purchased from many sources on the open market, and if sugar became too expensive, the firms could easily switch to corn syrup, as they did in the early 1980s. So suppliers of nutritive sweeteners did not have much bargaining power against Coke, Pepsi, or their bottlers. NutraSweet, meanwhile, had recently come off patent in 1992, and the soft drink industry gained another supplier, Holland Sweetener, which reduced Searle’s bargaining power and lowering the price of aspartame. With an abundant supply of inexpensive aluminum in the early 1990s and several can companies competing for contracts with bottlers, can suppliers had very little supplier power. Furthermore, Coke and Pepsi effectively further reduced the supplier of can makers by negotiating on behalf of their bottlers, thereby reducing the number of major contracts available to two. With more than two companies vying for these contracts, Coke and Pepsi were able to negotiate extremely favorable agreements. In the plastic bottle business, again there were more suppliers than major contracts, so direct negotiation by the CPs was again effective at reducing supplier power. Power of buyers: The soft drink industry sold to consumers through five principal channels: food stores, convenience and gas, fountain, vending, and mass merchandisers (primary part of â€Å"Other† in â€Å"Cola Wars†¦Ã¢â‚¬  case). Supermarkets, the principal customer for soft drink makers, were a highly fragmented industry. The stores counted on soft drinks to generate consumer traffic, so they needed Coke and Pepsi products. But due to their tremendous degree of fragmentation (the biggest chain made up 6% of food retail sales, and the largest chains controlled up to 25% of a region), these stores did not have much bargaining power. Their only power was control over premium shelf space, which could be allocated to Coke or Pepsi products. This power did give them some control over soft drink profitability. Furthermore, consumers expected to pay less through this channel, so prices were lower, resulting in somewhat lower profitability. National mass merchandising chains such as Wal-Mart, on the other hand, had much more bargaining power. While these stores did carry both Coke and Pepsi products, they could negotiate more effectively due to their scale and the magnitude of their contracts. For this reason, the mass merchandiser channel was relatively less profitable for soft drink makers. The least profitable channel for soft drinks, however, was fountain sales. Profitability at these locations was so abysmal for Coke and Pepsi that they considered this channel â€Å"paid sampling. † This was because buyers at major fast food chains only needed to stock the products of one manufacturer, so they could negotiate for optimal pricing. Coke and Pepsi found these channels important, however, as an avenue to build brand recognition and loyalty, so they invested in the fountain equipment and cups that were used to serve their products at these outlets. As a result, while Coke and Pepsi gained only 5% margins, fast food chains made 75% gross margin on fountain drinks. Vending, meanwhile, was the most profitable channel for the soft drink industry. Essentially there were no buyers to bargain with at these locations, where Coke and Pepsi bottlers could sell directly to consumers through machines owned by bottlers. Property owners were paid a sales commission on Coke and Pepsi products sold through machines on their property, so their incentives were properly aligned with those of the soft drink makers, and prices remained high. The customer in this case was the consumer, who was generally limited on thirst quenching alternatives. The final channel to consider is convenience stores and gas stations. If Mobil or Seven-Eleven were to negotiate on behalf of its stations, it would be able to exert significant buyer power in transactions with 3 Coke and Pepsi. Apparently, though, this was not the nature of the relationship between soft drink producers and this channel, where bottlers’ profits were relatively high, at $0. 40 per case, in 1993. With this high profitability, it seems likely that Coke and Pepsi bottlers negotiated directly with convenience store and gas station owners. So the only buyers with dominant power were fast food outlets. Although these outlets captured most of the soft drink profitability in their channel, they accounted for less than 20% of total soft drink sales. Through other markets, however, the industry enjoyed substantial profitability because of limited buyer power. Barriers to Entry: It would be nearly impossible for either a new CP or a new bottler to enter the industry. New CPs would need to overcome the tremendous marketing muscle and market presence of Coke, Pepsi, and a few others, who had established brand names that were as much as a century old. Through their DSD practices, these companies had intimate relationships with their retail channels and would be able to defend their positions effectively through discounting or other tactics. So, although the CP industry is not very capital intensive, other barriers would prevent entry. Entering bottling, meanwhile, would require substantial capital investment, which would deter entry. Further complicating entry into this market, existing bottlers had exclusive territories in which to distribute their products. Regulatory approval of intrabrand exclusive territories, via the Soft Drink Interbrand Competition Act of 1980, ratified this strategy, making it impossible for new bottlers to get started in any region where an existing bottler operated, which included every significant market in the US. In conclusion, an industry analysis by Porter’s Five Forces reveals that the soft drink industry in 1994 was favorable for positive economic profitability, as evidenced in companies’ financial outcomes. Compare the economics of the concentrate business to the bottling business. Why is the profitability so different? In some ways, the economics of the concentrate business and the bottling business should be inextricably linked. The CPs negotiate on behalf of their suppliers, and they are ultimately dependent on the same customers. Even in the case of materials, such as aspartame, that are incorporated directly into concentrates, CPs pass along any negotiated savings directly to their bottlers. Yet the industries are quite different in terms of profitability. The fundamental difference between CPs and bottlers is added value. The biggest source of added value for CPs is their proprietary, branded products. Coke has protected its recipe for over a hundred years as a trade secret, and has gone to great lengths to prevent others from learning its cola formula. The company even left a billion-person market (India) to avoid revealing this information. As a result of extended histories and successful advertising efforts, Coke and Pepsi are respected household names, giving their products an aura of value that cannot be easily replicated. Also hard to replicate are Coke and Pepsi’s sophisticated strategic and operational management practices, another source of added value. Bottlers have significantly less added value. Unlike their CP counterparts, they do not have branded products or unique formulas. Their added value stems from their relationships with CPs and with their 4 customers. They have repeatedly negotiated contracts with their customers, with whom they work on an ongoing basis, and whose idiosyncratic needs are familiar to them. Through long-term, in depth relationships with their customers, they are able to serve customers effectively. Through DSD programs, they lower their customers’ costs, making it possible for their customers to purchase and sell more product. In this way, bottlers are able to grow the pie of the soft drink market. Their other source of profitability is their contract relationships with CPs, which grant them exclusive territories and share some cost savings. Exclusive territories prevent intrabrand competition, creating oligopolies at the bottler level, which reduce rivalry and allow profits. To further build â€Å"glass houses,† as described by Nalebuff and Brandenberger (Co-opetition, p. 88), for their bottlers, CPs pass along some of their negotiated supply savings to their bottlers. Coke gives 2/3 of negotiated aspartame savings to its bottlers by contract, and Pepsi does this in practice. This practice keeps bottlers comfortable enough, so that they are unlikely to challenge their contracts. Bottlers’ principal ability is to use their capital resources effectively. Such operational effectiveness is not a driver of added value, however, as operational effectiveness is easily replicated. Between 1986 and 1993, the differences in added value between CPs and bottlers resulted in a major shift in profitability within the industry. Exhibit 1 demonstrates these dramatic changes. While industry profitability increased by 11%, CP profits rose by 130% on a per case basis, from $0. 10 to $0. 23. During this period, bottler profits actually dropped on a per case basis by 23%, from $0. 5 to 0. 27. One possibility is that product line expansion in defense against new age beverages helped CPs but hurt bottlers. This would be expected if bottler’s per case costs increased due to the operational challenges and capital costs of producing and distributing broader product lines. This, however, was not the case; cost of sales per case decreased for both CPs and bottlers by 27% during this period, mostly due to economies of scale developed through consolidation. The real difference between the fortunes of CPs and bottlers through this period, then, is in top line revenues. While CPs were able to charge more for their products, bottlers faced price pressure, resulting in lower revenues per case. These per case revenue changes occurred during a period of slowing growth in the industry, as shown in Exhibit 2. Growth in per capita consumption of soft drinks slowed to a 1. 2% CAGR in the period 1989 to 1993, while case volume growth tapered to 2. 3%. In an struggle to secure limited shelf space with more products and slower overall growth, bottlers were probably forced to give up more margin on their products. CPs, meanwhile, could continue increasing the prices for their concentrates with the consumer price index. Coke had negotiated this flexibility into its Master Bottling Contact in 1986, and Pepsi had worked price increases based on the CPI into its bottling contracts. So, while the bottlers faced increasing price pressure in a slowing market, CPs could continue raising their prices. Despite improvements in per case costs, bottlers could not improve their profitability as a percent of total sales. As a result, through the period of 1986 to 1993, bottlers did not gain any of the profitability gains enjoyed by CPs. Why have contracts between CPs and bottlers taken the form they have in the soft drink industry? Contracts between CPs and bottlers were strategically constructed by the CPs. Although beneficial to bottlers on the surface, the contracts favored the CPs’ long-term strategies in important ways. First, territorial exclusivity is beneficial to bottlers, as it prevents intrabrand competition, ensures bargaining power over buyers and establishes barriers to entry. But it is also beneficial to CPs, who are also not subject to price wars within their own brand. The contracts also excluded bottlers from producing the flagship products of competitors. This created monopoly status for the CPs, from the bottler perspective. Each bottler could only negotiate with one supplier for its premium product. Violation of this stipulation would result in termination of the contract, which would leave the bottler in a difficult position. Historically, contracts were designed hold syrup prices constant into perpetuity, only influenced by rising prices of sugar. This changed in 1978 and 1986, as contracts were renegotiated, first to accommodate for rises in the CPI, and then to give general flexibility to the CP (Coke) in setting prices. Coke could negotiate this more flexible pricing because its bottlers were dependent on it for business. It further ensured that its bottlers would be captive to its monopoly status by buying major bottlers and then selling them into the CCE holding company, which would only produce Coke products. Coke would capture 49% of the dividends from CCE, without the complications of vertical integration. Should concentrate producers vertically integrate into bottling? Given the data in Exhibit 1, indicating the CP business has grown more profitable over the last seven years, while the bottling industry has struggled to retain any profitability, it would not be advisable to vertically integrate. Stuckey and White (p. 8) indicate that a firm should â€Å"Integrate into those stages of the industry chain where the most economic surplus is available, irrespective of closeness to the customer or the absolute size of the value added. † In the soft drink industry, CPs generally miss out on the profits earned through fountain sales. Pepsi, realizing that fast food chains were capturing most of the value of fountain sales, entered the fast food business by purchasing Taco Bell, Pizza Hut, and KFC. These mergers allowed the firm to capture more value from its soft drink sales, but these mergers could also be problematic. For example, PepsiCo might not have a core competency in food sales or a strong position in the industry. Because it might not be able to effectively transfer skills or share activities with its fast food businesses, the mergers might not be successful in the long run. Stuckey and White also point out that â€Å"high-surplus stages must, by definition, be protected by barriers to entry. † So it could be difficult for Coke to enter the fast food business. It could be prohibitively expensive to purchase McDonalds or Burger King, and developing a chain of its own against such formidable competition would be extremely risky. So integration into this phase of the value chain would be difficult or impossible for Coke. As Stuckey and White say, â€Å"don’t vertically integrate unless it is absolutely necessary to create or protect value. † We shall address each of these individually to formally refute the plausibility of vertical integration of CPs into bottling. (1) â€Å"The market is too risky and unreliable. † On the contrary, the concentrate market is highly stable and will be for a long time to come. (2) â€Å"Companies in adjacent stages of the industry 6 chain have more market power than companies in your stage. The opposite is true, CPs already have more market power than bottlers, so they should not vertically integrate. (3) â€Å"Integration would create or exploit market power by raising barriers to entry or allowing price discrimination across customer segments. † In fact, CPs already have market power through efficient barriers to entry, and effectively price discriminate through various retail channels. (4) â€Å"The market is young and the company must forward integrate to develop a market, or the market is declining and independents are pulling out of adjacent stages. † The market is neither young nor declining. Having determined that a vertical integration strategy fails all four of Stuckey and White’s tests, CPs should not pursue vertical integration into bottling.